ancient chinese civilization
Born along the great rivers of China such as the Yellow River, Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world
Here men began to cultivate the land, build villages and use writing thousands of years ago
It all began with populations who lived on agriculture and craftsmanship who learned to work bronze and organize themselves into small kingdoms, then over time the first legendary dynasty, the Xia, was born
Many scholars think that this dynasty is partly myth and partly reality but it is with the Shang dynasty that we find clear evidence of court life, religious rites, writing on bones and shells
After the Shang came the Zhou who ruled for a long time and introduced the idea of the celestial mandate, that is, that the emperor was chosen by heaven but could lose the right if he governed badly
It was an era of thought, wars and great transformations, Confucianism, Taoism and other schools of thought were born here
Then came the time of the warring states, a period of struggles between rival kingdoms but also of military and cultural innovation
In the end, a man named Qin Shi Huang managed to unify all of China and became the first emperor
It was he who ordered the construction of the Great Wall and wanted to unify coins, writing, weights and measures
But his empire was short and after him the Han dynasty was born, one of the most glorious
With the Han, China opened up to trade with the world thanks to the Silk Road that connected the East to the West
Technical medical sciences were developed and it was also the era in which Confucianism became the official philosophy of the state
Then followed dynasties that rose and fell like the Tang, the Song, the Yuan led by the Mongols, the Ming and finally the Qing
Through all of this, Chinese civilization has always been able to transform itself while maintaining its identity
It created inventions that changed the world like paper, printing, the compass and gunpowder
It gave birth to a profound culture made of painting, poetry, calligraphy, music and harmony with nature
Ancient China is not only one of the oldest civilizations on earth, it is also one of the most continuous
From the first rice fields along the river to the great capitals imperials until the birth of modern China its thread has never broken
And even today that ancient past lives on in the language, in the rites, in the philosophy and in the way of thinking of the Chinese people
Antica Cina
modern china
When we talk about the world's second superpower today we often think of China
A country that for centuries was an empire closed in on itself but that over time has been able to transform itself becoming a modern power capable of competing with the entire world
It all began after the fall of the last empire, that of the Qing dynasty
China entered a difficult period between civil wars foreign invasions famines and revolutions
In the heart of the twentieth century the People's Republic of China led by the Communist Party was born
It was a tough start between radical campaigns and attempts at forced transformation
But over time China found a new balance
Starting at the end of the last century the country opened its doors to the world
Economic reforms began special zones were created where businesses could invest and grow
Cities began to transform villages emptied to make way for skyscrapers factories high-speed trains ports full of containers
China specialized in mass production becoming the world's factory
From there the real growth began wealth increased millions of people emerged from poverty an urban middle class was born with new habits consumption and dreams
But China has not stopped at the economy
It has invested in science, technology, education and space
It has created technological giants, developed its digital network and focused on artificial intelligence, robotics and clean energy
It has also expanded its presence on the international level
With projects such as the New Silk Road, it has built ports, roads and railways in Asia, Africa and Europe
It has made agreements with countries around the world, bringing investments, infrastructure and strategic alliances
Militarily, it has modernized its army and extended its influence in the Pacific and beyond
China today presents itself as an alternative to the West with a different model of development
It still has many challenges to face, such as internal inequalities, the environmental issue and geopolitical tensions
But it is now clear to everyone that it has become the world's second superpower
A power born from an ancient civilization that has been able to reinvent itself in the modern world
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